EVLN: Toyota, BYD Hail-Mary JV after far too long> mouth talking out of both sides

[Electric Vehicle Discussion List mailing list]

https://cleantechnica.com/2019/11/08/toyota-byd-form-joint-venture-to-manufacture-electric-cars-in-china/
Toyota & BYD Form Joint Venture To Manufacture Electric Cars In China
November 8th, 2019  Steve Hanley

[image  
https://cleantechnica.com/files/2019/05/BYD-Tang.jpg
BYD Tang  Photo by CleanTechnica
]

We have been saying for months that a wave of consolidations are likely to
take place in the automotive industry over the next few years as the
pressure to develop electric vehicles and autonomous cars strains the
research and development of existing companies to the breaking point. FCA
has been pleading for someone — anyone — to merge with it. Volkswagen and
Ford have reached an agreement to share the German company’s new MEB
electric car platform. Ford is also cozying up to Rivian. It’s like a global
game of musical chairs has begun. Some existing companies are going to find
themselves on the outside looking in when the music stops ...

 ... it comes as a surprise to learn that Toyota and BYD have formed a new
jointly owned company to develop battery electric vehicles for the Chinese
market. According to a joint press release dated November 7, a copy of which
was sent by email to CleanTechnica, the two companies say their new
enterprise will be owned 50–50 by both companies. The new consortium is set
to begin operations next year.

BYD senior vice president Lian Yu-bo says, “We aim to combine BYD’s
strengths in development and competitiveness in the battery electric vehicle
market with Toyota’s quality and safety technology to provide the best BEV
products for the market demand and consumer affection as early as we can.”

Toyota executive vice president Shigeki Terashi adds, “With the same goal to
further promote the widespread use of electrified vehicles, we appreciate
that BYD and Toyota can become ‘teammates’, able to put aside our rivalry
and collaborate. We hope to further advance and expand both BYD and Toyota
from the efforts of the new company with BYD.”

BYD has ranked first in the world in battery electric and plug-in hybrid
sales for the past four years. Toyota has sold more than 14 million hybrid
electric vehicles since 1997. With the newly established joint R&D company,
Toyota and BYD aim to work together to further develop BEVs that are
attractive to Chinese customers, and by further promoting their widespread
adoption, aim to contribute toward environmental improvement.

It may be appropriate to point out here that Toyota has joined with General
Motors and others to oppose the waiver granted to California three decades
ago under the US Clean Air Act which allows that state to set more rigorous
fuel economy standards than those required by federal law. Apparently Toyota
doesn’t think it can work the refs in China the way it can in the US. Toyota
has steadfastly refused to offer fully battery electric cars to its
customers in North America.

If ever there was an example of a corporation talking out of both sides of
its mouth and refusing to stand up for the Earth, Toyota is it ...

In an email, David Leggett, automotive editor at GlobalData, a leading data
and analytics company, told CleanTechnica, “This collaboration is a way to
save costs and position both companies to capitalize on China’s rapid BEV
market growth over the next ten years. GlobalData forecasts that by 2030
annual production of BEVs in China will be approaching six million vehicles
per annum — a six-fold increase on the current level. China will be at the
heart of future global growth for electric vehicles. News of the agreement
between Toyota and BYD to develop EVs for the Chinese market makes sense for
both. They can share costs and utilize their respective strengths.

“China-based BYD is an electric battery technology specialist with very good
knowledge of the Chinese marketplace and needs, while Toyota is a global
original equipment manufacturer with proven strengths in vehicle development
and can bring its systems to bear in areas such as manufacturing, quality
and safety. Further, China is the world’s largest automotive market and
Beijing is creating the conditions for a ramp-up in ‘New Energy Vehicles’
such as plug-in electric hybrids and fully-EVs.”

Leggett clearly thinks forming a joint venture is a wise move for both
companies. Others may see it as a “Hail Mary” play by Toyota to try to get
itself back into the game after ... far too long ...
[© cleantechnica.com]
...
https://www.google.com/search?q=talking+out+of+both+sides+mouth+forked+tongue
 search on  talking out of both sides mouth forked tongue


https://www.globaltrademag.com/byd-toyota-collaborate-for-electric-vehicles/
BYD & Toyota Collaborate for Electric Vehicles
November 8th, 2019  Build Your Dreams (BYD) and Toyota released information
this week confirming next steps behind a joint company that would ultimately
support battery electric ...


https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastianblanco/2019/11/07/byd-toyota-partner-up-for-new-electric-vehicles/#45d40bda24a1
BYD, Toyota Partner Up For New Electric Vehicles
Nov 7, 2019 ... The two companies said that the new JV will be set up in
China some time in 2020 with each company contributing half of the
investment needed. The JV will design and develop all-electric vehicles,
including new platforms and “related parts.” The resulting BEVs will be
destined for BYD’s home country, as they are supposed to be made in such a
way as to be, “attractive to Chinese customers.” ...


[dated]
http://electric-vehicle-discussion-list.413529.n4.nabble.com/EVLN-EV-newswire-posts-for-20190726-tp4694268.html
 ...
https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/auto-components/toyota-chinas-byd-team-up-to-develop-battery-evs/70302839
Toyota, China's BYD team up to develop...
Jul 21 2019


+ (Ferrari even slooower to embrace EVs than TMC)
https://www.wsj.com/articles/ferrari-ceo-races-to-build-companys-brand-11573300801
Ferrari CEO Races to Build Company's Brand
Mr. Camilleri is grappling with the rise of electric vehicles and the
advance of autonomous-driving technology ... Being a tobacco executive
offered relevant lessons ... it involved “managing a company which is part
of an industry going through major transformation and how to keep ahead of
that transformation.” ... the first fully electric Ferrari should arrive
between 2025 and 2030 ...




For EVLN EV-newswire posts use:
 http://www.evdl.org/archive/


{brucedp.neocities.org}

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Partially fake news or ?

I saw a presentation by Toyota this past week, showing their vehicle strategy in the various world markets.

North America clearly included BEVs, as did many other markets.

- Mark

Sent from my Fuel Cell powered iPhone

> On Nov 10, 2019, at 3:53 PM, brucedp5 via EV <[hidden email]> wrote:
>
>
>
> https://cleantechnica.com/2019/11/08/toyota-byd-form-joint-venture-to-manufacture-electric-cars-in-china/
> Toyota & BYD Form Joint Venture To Manufacture Electric Cars In China
> November 8th, 2019  Steve Hanley
>
> [image  
> https://cleantechnica.com/files/2019/05/BYD-Tang.jpg
> BYD Tang  Photo by CleanTechnica
> ]
>
> We have been saying for months that a wave of consolidations are likely to
> take place in the automotive industry over the next few years as the
> pressure to develop electric vehicles and autonomous cars strains the
> research and development of existing companies to the breaking point. FCA
> has been pleading for someone — anyone — to merge with it. Volkswagen and
> Ford have reached an agreement to share the German company’s new MEB
> electric car platform. Ford is also cozying up to Rivian. It’s like a global
> game of musical chairs has begun. Some existing companies are going to find
> themselves on the outside looking in when the music stops ...
>
> ... it comes as a surprise to learn that Toyota and BYD have formed a new
> jointly owned company to develop battery electric vehicles for the Chinese
> market. According to a joint press release dated November 7, a copy of which
> was sent by email to CleanTechnica, the two companies say their new
> enterprise will be owned 50–50 by both companies. The new consortium is set
> to begin operations next year.
>
> BYD senior vice president Lian Yu-bo says, “We aim to combine BYD’s
> strengths in development and competitiveness in the battery electric vehicle
> market with Toyota’s quality and safety technology to provide the best BEV
> products for the market demand and consumer affection as early as we can.”
>
> Toyota executive vice president Shigeki Terashi adds, “With the same goal to
> further promote the widespread use of electrified vehicles, we appreciate
> that BYD and Toyota can become ‘teammates’, able to put aside our rivalry
> and collaborate. We hope to further advance and expand both BYD and Toyota
> from the efforts of the new company with BYD.”
>
> BYD has ranked first in the world in battery electric and plug-in hybrid
> sales for the past four years. Toyota has sold more than 14 million hybrid
> electric vehicles since 1997. With the newly established joint R&D company,
> Toyota and BYD aim to work together to further develop BEVs that are
> attractive to Chinese customers, and by further promoting their widespread
> adoption, aim to contribute toward environmental improvement.
>
> It may be appropriate to point out here that Toyota has joined with General
> Motors and others to oppose the waiver granted to California three decades
> ago under the US Clean Air Act which allows that state to set more rigorous
> fuel economy standards than those required by federal law. Apparently Toyota
> doesn’t think it can work the refs in China the way it can in the US. Toyota
> has steadfastly refused to offer fully battery electric cars to its
> customers in North America.
>
> If ever there was an example of a corporation talking out of both sides of
> its mouth and refusing to stand up for the Earth, Toyota is it ...
>
> In an email, David Leggett, automotive editor at GlobalData, a leading data
> and analytics company, told CleanTechnica, “This collaboration is a way to
> save costs and position both companies to capitalize on China’s rapid BEV
> market growth over the next ten years. GlobalData forecasts that by 2030
> annual production of BEVs in China will be approaching six million vehicles
> per annum — a six-fold increase on the current level. China will be at the
> heart of future global growth for electric vehicles. News of the agreement
> between Toyota and BYD to develop EVs for the Chinese market makes sense for
> both. They can share costs and utilize their respective strengths.
>
> “China-based BYD is an electric battery technology specialist with very good
> knowledge of the Chinese marketplace and needs, while Toyota is a global
> original equipment manufacturer with proven strengths in vehicle development
> and can bring its systems to bear in areas such as manufacturing, quality
> and safety. Further, China is the world’s largest automotive market and
> Beijing is creating the conditions for a ramp-up in ‘New Energy Vehicles’
> such as plug-in electric hybrids and fully-EVs.”
>
> Leggett clearly thinks forming a joint venture is a wise move for both
> companies. Others may see it as a “Hail Mary” play by Toyota to try to get
> itself back into the game after ... far too long ...
> [© cleantechnica.com]
> ...
> https://www.google.com/search?q=talking+out+of+both+sides+mouth+forked+tongue
> search on  talking out of both sides mouth forked tongue
>
>
> https://www.globaltrademag.com/byd-toyota-collaborate-for-electric-vehicles/
> BYD & Toyota Collaborate for Electric Vehicles
> November 8th, 2019  Build Your Dreams (BYD) and Toyota released information
> this week confirming next steps behind a joint company that would ultimately
> support battery electric ...
>
>
> https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastianblanco/2019/11/07/byd-toyota-partner-up-for-new-electric-vehicles/#45d40bda24a1
> BYD, Toyota Partner Up For New Electric Vehicles
> Nov 7, 2019 ... The two companies said that the new JV will be set up in
> China some time in 2020 with each company contributing half of the
> investment needed. The JV will design and develop all-electric vehicles,
> including new platforms and “related parts.” The resulting BEVs will be
> destined for BYD’s home country, as they are supposed to be made in such a
> way as to be, “attractive to Chinese customers.” ...
>
>
> [dated]
> http://electric-vehicle-discussion-list.413529.n4.nabble.com/EVLN-EV-newswire-posts-for-20190726-tp4694268.html
> ...
> https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/auto-components/toyota-chinas-byd-team-up-to-develop-battery-evs/70302839
> Toyota, China's BYD team up to develop...
> Jul 21 2019
>
>
> + (Ferrari even slooower to embrace EVs than TMC)
> https://www.wsj.com/articles/ferrari-ceo-races-to-build-companys-brand-11573300801
> Ferrari CEO Races to Build Company's Brand
> Mr. Camilleri is grappling with the rise of electric vehicles and the
> advance of autonomous-driving technology ... Being a tobacco executive
> offered relevant lessons ... it involved “managing a company which is part
> of an industry going through major transformation and how to keep ahead of
> that transformation.” ... the first fully electric Ferrari should arrive
> between 2025 and 2030 ...
>
>
>
>
> For EVLN EV-newswire posts use:
> http://www.evdl.org/archive/
>
>
> {brucedp.neocities.org}
>
> --
> Sent from: http://electric-vehicle-discussion-list.413529.n4.nabble.com/
> _______________________________________________
> UNSUBSCRIBE: http://www.evdl.org/help/index.html#usub
> ARCHIVE: http://www.evdl.org/archive/index.html
> INFO: http://lists.evdl.org/listinfo.cgi/ev-evdl.org
> Please discuss EV drag racing at NEDRA (http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NEDRA)
>
>

_______________________________________________
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Please discuss EV drag racing at NEDRA (http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NEDRA)

[Electric Vehicle Discussion List mailing list]

[ref
http://electric-vehicle-discussion-list.413529.n4.nabble.com/EVLN-Toyota-BYD-Hail-Mary-JV-after-far-too-long-mouth-talking-out-of-both-sides-tp4695604.html
 ... toyota-chinas-byd-team-up-to-develop...
Nov 10 2019
]

https://www.msn.com/en-sg/news/other/bus-stopped-why-byds-electric-bus-operations-may-be-cut-short-in-the-us/ar-BBWMblG
Bus, stopped? Why BYD's electric bus operations may be cut short in the US
2019-11-14  Mark Magnier

[images  / Xinhua
https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/BBWM1bp.img
a group of people sitting at a train station: © Xinhua  Workers assembling
an electric bus at the BYD factory in Lancaster, California

https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/BBWMdS6.img
© Xinhua BYD’s plant in Lancaster, California, has created 800 unionised
manufacturing jobs, and sources 70 per cent of its components from US
companies. But its future hangs in the balance over one word in legislation
now being hammered out in Washington
]

Federal legislation could ban funding to US operations of Shenzhen-based
vehicle maker as well as state-supported train manufacturer CRRC
For BYD, it comes down to whether a single word will stay in the National
Defence Authorisation Act now being consolidated in Congress

BYD – a Shenzhen-based electric vehicle maker whose name is short for Build
Your Dreams – opened its US bus factory in Lancaster, California, in 2013.
Six years later, those dreams risk becoming nightmares as anti-China
sentiment in Washington grows.

The way BYD sees it, it’s been a model corporate citizen. It’s invested
US$250 million in a small American community; created 800 unionised
manufacturing jobs; built environmentally friendly products; and followed
“Buy America” requirements by sourcing 70 per cent of its components from US
companies.

“If BYD was a Danish company, we’d be held up as an example of what the US
wants us to do,” said Zachary Kahn, the company’s US director of government
relations. “We’ve come in, manufacturing in the US for the benefit of union
labour and the community.”

But the way critics see it, BYD is a tool of the Chinese Communist Party
that’s gaming a free-market system, poised to spy on bus riders and activate
kill switches remotely to block intersections, spewing chaos.

It’s a story that epitomises the deepening distrust between Washington and
Beijing fuelled by economic nationalism, technological rivalry, alleged
espionage and data theft.

BYD’s US fate now depends on a single word in the 2020 National Defence
Authorisation Act. The Senate and the House have each passed versions and
are now ironing out differences in conference.

Both bills effectively block federal funding for all “rolling stock” made by
the Chinese state-owned railcar maker CRRC Corp, based in Beijing and the
world’s largest maker of trains. But the reference to “rail rolling stock”
in the House version would allow BYD to continue operating. President Donald
Trump has said he favours the more sweeping restrictions in the Senate
version.

However crucial the outcome for the Chinese companies, the provisions are a
mere footnote in a bill outlining spending priorities for America’s massive
military machine. BYD is helped – at least temporarily – by dysfunctional US
politics; the act also includes US$6.1 billion to fund Trump’s controversial
wall for the US southern border, sparking outrage and delay.

Romero Duran, a 45-year-old welder, ends his shift on the production line
and heads to his car along “BYD Boulevard” in Lancaster, a struggling
Southern California community of 160,000 in the Mojave Desert, about 75
miles north of Los Angeles. Listless US and California state flags droop as
late-afternoon shadows lengthen; there’s no Chinese flag around the
expansive white building or other outward sign of its ownership.

Duran enjoys the work and meeting colleagues visiting from Shenzhen. But
BYD’s mounting political problems leave him worried about his job. “We’ve
heard rumours,” he said. “There’s nothing else out here.”

BYD’s arrival has helped reduce unemployment, and Lancaster’s main street
now boasts an art museum and upscale shops. But a few blocks away, an
elderly man with a walker trundles past shuttered shops kicking up sand near
the “Power of Praise” Ministry, which shares space with a pawnshop.

After the 2009 financial crisis, BYD expanded globally – backed by US
investor Warren Buffett – and chose Lancaster. Tesla founder Elon Musk
scoffed in 2011 during a television interview, advising BYD to focus on
“making sure they don’t die in China”. In the first half of 2019, BYD
produced 145,000 battery, hybrid and fuel-cell vehicles, mostly in China,
solidifying its status as the world’s largest electric-vehicle maker.

But in addition to its US political problems, the US$18 billion company now
finds itself under growing financial pressure. Third-quarter profits fell by
89 per cent on reduced government subsidies and lower demand, mirroring
China’s wobbly economy. Buffet’s Berkshire Hathaway declined to comment.

US critics say that it’s fine that BYD built a US plant, hired union workers
and enjoys Buffett’s support. But they note that China is a master at spying
on its citizens, and contend that this technology could easily slip into
US-made buses and trains – without providing evidence in making the claim.

“They can hack us using a variety of devices,” said Erik Olson,
vice-president of the Rail Security Alliance, a coalition of business and
labour interests seeking to block CRRC and, by extension, BYD, adding that
it’s advisable not to “invite your adversary in”.

[image]  a group of people standing in a train station:
© Xinhua Visitors last month to the China International Rail Transit and
Equipment Manufacturing Industry Expo in Changsha, took in a high-speed
intercity train made by CRRC. The company’s US operations are threatened by
Washington’s plans to block all federal funding to CRRC projects, citing
national security concerns. Photo: Xinhua

Others say that as a “national champion” cited in Beijing’s Made in China
2025 strategic blueprint, BYD benefits unfairly in global markets from lower
Chinese corporate tax rates, preferential loans and subsidies. Despite being
a private company, BYD enjoys close research, management and board ties with
the Chinese government and military, they add.

According to research firm Radarlock, BYD received at least RMB 2.3 billion
(US$327 million) in Chinese government financial support in 2018.

“The idea that it’s completely separate from the Chinese government is a
fallacy. It’s just connected in different ways,” said Scott N. Paul,
president of the Alliance for American Manufacturing, concerned that BYD
will dominate the US market, undercutting local jobs and companies. “There’s
no reason American tax dollars should be directed to BYD when its operations
are subsidised by the Chinese government.”

BYD counters that US vehicle makers enjoy similar subsidies, from local tax
breaks to preferential land deals, that it’s absolutely a private company
and that the espionage allegations are absurd. Routes now using BYD buses
include drives through Edwards Air Force Base – unthinkable if authorities
detected any risk, it adds.

“The whole national security issue is a red herring,” said Frank Girardot,
BYD’s North American communications director. “We’re not a state-owned
entity. We’re not owned by the government of China. There are no Communist
Party officials sitting in our offices telling us what to do.”

While Beijing is hardly a wallflower in global espionage, the idea of using
buses is a bit absurd, adds Camron Gorguinpour, senior global electrical
vehicle manager at the World Resources Institute, a research group focused
on sustainability.

“There are a lot simpler ways than listening in our bus conversations,”
Gorguinpour, a former Defence Department official, said, recalling the 2015
hacking of some four million US federal personnel records – that, he noted,
probably included his own data. “It’s kind of a senseless notion.”

The National Interest magazine put it another way. “There is simply no
national security threat inherent to the Chinese government knowing whether
your bus is going to be late,” it said.

BYD is a major player in a growing US electric-bus market; it accounted for
a third of an estimated US$745 million in sales in 2018, supplying
municipalities in EV hotbeds Northern and Southern California, but also in
such heartland municipalities as Indianapolis.

The company faces criticism from US industry groups that its electric buses
are underpowered and don’t go as far on a charge as advertised. But most new
technologies have teething problems, counters Dan Raudebaugh, executive
director of the Centre for Transportation and the Environment civic group.

“They’re still more reliable than diesel,” he said, referring to EV buses.
“And you don’t have the noise pollution or exhaust coming out of the
tailpipe when you’re sitting on the sidewalk eating a meal.”

BYD and its supporters argue that the critics’ real aim is economic: namely,
to exclude a viable competitor, which would lead to higher prices, delay
conversion to zero-emission vehicles and undercut the fight against global
warming just as cities are ramping up orders.

Los Angeles recently ordered 40 zero-emissions buses from New Flyer of
Anniston, Alabama – and 65 from BYD. “City transit agencies are starting to
walk the talk,” said Jimmy O’Dea, senior vehicles analyst at the Union of
Concerned Scientists. “It’s taking off.”

Paul, of the manufacturing alliance, denied that his group or other BYD
opponents are motivated by protectionism. “I’ve travelled in China. This is
not xenophobic in any way,” he said.

That said, China has hardly helped itself as US and European legislators
react to decades of notoriously opaque rules, widespread intellectual
property theft and policies in China aimed at favouring Chinese over foreign
companies. BYD, for one, has benefited from massive government fleet
purchases under contracts that effectively excluded foreign competition.

With distrust growing in policy circles, BYD faces some tough odds,
Washington insiders say. Legislation that aligns well-entrenched economic
interests and national security hawks against a perceived adversary is a
winner in the capital, they note, especially during an extended period of
deteriorating US-China relations.

“It’s a perfect fit,” said one Washington lobbyist, who declined to be
identified in order to speak more candidly.

Arrayed against BYD and CRRC include members of the powerful Senate Armed
Services Committee as well as Senator John Cornyn, Republican of Texas,and
Senator Richard Shelby, chairman of the Appropriations Committee, from
Alabama, the site of New Flyer’s factory.

[image]  Kevin McCarthy, Donald Trump are posing for a picture:
© AFP US Representative Kevin McCarthy (left), the House minority leader,
has kept anti-bus language out of the House bill, but US President Donald
Trump has said he favours the Senate version, which includes it. Photo: AFP

Prominent on BYD’s side is Representative Kevin McCarthy, the House minority
leader, whose district includes Lancaster. A strong ally of President Trump,
McCarthy helped keep anti-bus language out of the House bill. “It was a lot
better when he was in the majority,” before 2018 when Republicans lost the
House, said a person close to the company.

Federal funding covers about a third of bus purchases, giving cash-strapped
cities an incentive to toe the federal line. BYD has enough orders for
another year but, if effectively excluded from future contracts, the company
could be forced to rethink its US operation. “There's a deep irony in the
way this legislation would hit BYD,” said Matt Sheehan, fellow at the
Paulson Institute and author of The Transpacific Experiment: How China and
California Collaborate and Compete for Our Future.

After complying with US labour, purchasing and investment laws, “to now
potentially be shut out of US markets because of a new twist in those laws
likely feels like a real slap in the face for the company and its American
employees,” Sheehan said.

North American electric bus makers Proterra, New Flyer and Gillig did not
respond to requests for comment.

BYD and CRRC haven’t joined forces to fight the legislation, since they are
pursuing different strategies. BYD is keen to stress that it is not
state-owned or part of China Inc – arguments that CRRC, as an arm of China’s
railway ministry, cannot make. CRRC did not respond to a request for
comment.

BYD found itself dragged into the political fray relatively late. The Rail
Security Alliance has been working for years to block CRRC on espionage
grounds through a different mass-transit security bill. The bus industry,
where the stakes are smaller, lacks a similar national alliance.

Olson of the rail alliance said that this year Senate allies advised his
group to expand its focus to include restrictions on Chinese buses –
reflecting the apparent interests of some powerful senators, he added – and
that efforts should focus on the national defence bill rather than the
mass-transit security bill. One big advantage for those seeking
restrictions: the defence legislation has passed annually without fail for
nearly six decades, making it all but guaranteed.

“It’s not like we were plotting, they said this is the way to do it. BYD
obviously comes up when you go up to the Hill,” said Olson. “We’ll support
them, but we’re not going to lie on the tracks for this,” he added. “We’re
the rail security alliance, not the bus security alliance.”
[© 2019 South China Morning Post]
...
https://www.google.com/search?q=BYD+as+Chinese+Communist+Party+tool
 search on  BYD as Chinese Communist Party tool


+
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/teslas-chinese-challenger-evergrande-slams-093000844.html
Tesla's Chinese challenger Evergrande slams brakes on electric car
investments amid slowing sales
November 13, 2019  China Evergrande plans to slow down its pace of
investments in electric vehicles as sales of the environmentally friendly
cars continue to fall in the mainland, but the company says it is on track
to debut its "Hengchi 1" model next year ... We aim to become the world's
largest and strongest maker of new energy vehicles in ... five years ...




For EVLN EV-newswire posts use:
 http://www.evdl.org/archive/


{brucedp.neocities.org}

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